夙昔一年,基因测序、基因裁剪技能、和疾病的基因疗法发展速即。好意思国《科学》杂志在2020年1月2日刊登的著作中,预测了2020生物技能规模可能出现的紧要事件,包括中好意思不同团队分辨进行的多项使用“基因剪刀”技能CRISPR息争癌症等疾病的临床检修可能发布驱散,期骗CRISPR技能进行异种器官移植的东谈主体也临床检修有望在2020年启动,处罚移植肝脏、腹黑、角膜等器官或组织的艰辛难题。基因息争照旧成为生物医学发展上的蹙迫阵脚。
基因裁剃头展趋势:低廉、快速、精确2019年11月7日,好意思国播送公司(ABC news)报谈,好意思国初度尝试使用一种被称为CRISPR的基因裁剪器具在东谈主类癌症患者身上进行临床检修的驱散“让东谈主受到饱读动”。这项临床检修在2019年三月份就a已受到不少关爱,到11月6日,据申报清晰,两位患者一位病情在执续恶化,而另一位则趋于自如。自然第三位患者经受基因裁剪息争的时刻尚短难以作念出判断,但商榷者暗示照旧“颇受饱读动”。
哈佛商学院生命科学技俩创举把持,从事生命科学商榷和投资的Excel风险不断累赘有限公司总司理兼纠合创举东谈主胡安•恩里克斯(Juan Enriquez)在TED演讲中说,生命的实质便是编码,一个个句子构成生命的抒发,而基因便是写下这些句子的谈话。基因工程(genetic engineering)又称基因拼接技能和DNA重组技能,以分子生物学和微生物学的当代方法为技巧,将不同开首的基因按事前遐想的蓝图,在基因组中的特定位置添加,去除或改动遗传物资,然后导入活细胞。基因工程技能为基因的结构和功能的商榷提供了有劲的技巧,科学家照旧不错借此改动生物原有的遗传特色、取得新品种和坐褥新家具。利用基因裁剪扫尾疾病息争与为止,改善东谈主类生涯与健康
东谈主们对基因的了解和CRISPR等技能的速即发展,让科学家不错驱动寻求利用基因裁剪改善东谈主类生涯和健康。1月9日《自然》发表商榷,来自好意思国华盛顿大学和斯坦福大学的商榷东谈主员利用测度机挨次遐想出一种卵白,在动物模子中具有与自然存在的IL-2疏浚的激活抗癌T细胞的才智,但不会激励无益的反作用。这一成就为遐想息争癌症、本人免疫疾病和其他疾病的基于卵白的药物开了新路线。2月6日,中国科学院、清华大学和好意思国芝加哥大学的商榷东谈主员合营,以小鼠为商榷对象,证明通过根除树突细胞中影抗原加工的卵白,他们省略使癌症免疫疗法对肿瘤的为止率由大致40%耕作到快要100%。4月3日《科学进展》(Science Advances)杂志刊登的最新科研效用中,来自南京大学、厦门大学和南京工业大学的科研东谈主员确立出一种“基因剪刀”器具的新式非病毒载体,不错通过近红外光为止“修剪”基因的格式,扫尾体内时刻和空间上的基因裁剪可控,在癌症等紧要疾病息争方面具有浩大的应用远景。
1.ABC News. (2019).Doctors try CRISPR gene editing for cancer, a first in the US. [online] Available at: https://6abc.com/health/doctors-try-crispr-gene-editing-for-cancer-a-first-in-the-us/5676166/ [Accessed 2 Jan. 2020].
2.Basudeb Maji, Soumyashree A. et al. A High-Throughput Platform to Identify Small-Molecule Inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas9. Cell, 2019; 177 (4): 1067 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.009
3.Cassidy, Justin J, et al. (2019) Repressive gene regulation synchronizes development with cellular metabolism. Cell, 178 (4). pp. 980-992. ISSN 0092-8674.
4. Cell Press (2019). Drugs that block CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing identified. [online] ScienceDaily. Available at: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/05/190502111043.htm [Accessed 30 Dec. 2020].
5.Cohen, J., Desai, N. (2019).With its CRISPR revolution, China becomes a world leader in genome editing. [online] Science | AAAS. Available at: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/08/its-crispr-revolution-china-becomes-world-leader-genome-editing [Accessed 8 Jan. 2020].
6.Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders, Cell, Volume 179, Issue 7, 2019, Pages 1469-1482.e11, ISSN 0092-8674,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.020.
7.Escobar, Thelma & Oksuz, Ozgur & Descostes, Nicolas & Bonasio, Roberto & Reinberg哥也操, Daniel. (2019).Active and Repressed Chromatin Domains Exhibit Distinct Nucleosome Segregation During DNA Replication. SSRN Electronic Journal. 10.2139/ssrn.3323374.
8.Fadi Jacob et al.A Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Organoid Model and Biobank Recapitulates Inter- and Intra-tumoral Heterogeneity. Cell, 2019, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.036.
9.Gorka Lasso, Sandra V. Mayer, Evandro R. Winkelmann, et al.A Structure-Informed Atlas of Human-Virus Interactions[J].Cell. August 29, 2019. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.005.
10.Grünewald, J., Zhou, R., Garcia, S., Iyer, S., Lareau, C., Aryee, M. and Joung, J. (2019). Transcriptome-wide off-target RNA editing induced by CRISPR-guided DNA base editors.Nature, 569(7756), pp.433-437.
11.Hagan, T., Cortese, M., Rouphael, N., Boudreau, C., Linde, C., Maddur, M., Das, J., Wang, H., Guthmiller, J., Zheng, N., Huang, M., Uphadhyay, A., Gardinassi, L., Petitdemange, C., McCullough, M., Johnson, S., Gill, K., Cervasi, B., Zou, J., Bretin, A., Hahn, M., Gewirtz, A., Bosinger, S., Wilson, P., Li, S., Alter, G., Khurana, S., Golding, H. and Pulendran, B. (2019).Antibiotics-Driven Gut Microbiome Perturbation Alters Immunity to Vaccines in Humans. Cell, 178(6), pp.1313-1328.e13.
12.Han, D., Liu, J., Chen, C. et al. Anti-tumour immunity controlled through mRNA m6A methylation and YTHDF1 in dendritic cells. Nature 566, 270–274 (2019) doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0916-x
13.Harald Hartweger et al.HIV-specific humoral immune responses by CRISPR/Cas9-edited B cells, The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2019). DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190287.
14.Heckmann, B., Teubner, B., Tummers, B., Boada-Romero, E., Harris, L., Yang, M., Guy, C., Zakharenko, S. and Green, D. (2019).LC3-Associated Endocytosis Facilitatesβ-Amyloid Clearance and Mitigates Neurodegeneration in Murine Alzheimer’s Disease. Cell, 178(3), pp.536-551.e14.
15.Idrus, A. (2020).New enzyme boosts 'CRISPR toolbox' for disease detection. [online] FierceBiotech. Available at: https://www.fiercebiotech.com/research/new-enzyme-boosts-crispr-toolbox-for-disease-detection [Accessed 22 Dec. 2019].
16.Jin,S. et al., (2019) Cytosine, but not adenine, base editors induce genome-wideoff-target mutations in rice. Science, DOI:10.1126/science.aaw7166
17.Jun-Jie Liu, Natalia Orlova, Benjamin L. Oakes, et al.CasX enzymes comprise a distinct family of RNA-guided genome editors, Nature (2019). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0908-x
18.Kim, S., Kwon, S., Kam, T., Panicker, N., Karuppagounder, S., Lee, S., Lee, J., Kim, W., Kook, M., Foss, C., Shen, C., Lee, H., Kulkarni, S., Pasricha, P., Lee, G., Pomper, M., Dawson, V., Dawson, T. and Ko, H. (2019). Transneuronal Propagation of Pathologicα-Synuclein from the Gut to the Brain Models Parkinson’s Disease.Neuron, 103(4), pp.627-641.e7Liu, X., Wang, Y., Lu, H. et al. Genome-wide analysisidentifies NR4A1 as a key mediator of T cell dysfunction. Nature 567, 525–529 (2019) doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0979-8
19.Liu, A. (2019).CRISPR edits out a deadly lung disease in mice before birth. [online] FierceBiotech. Available at: https://www.fiercebiotech.com/research/crispr-editing-out-a-deadly-lung-disease-before-birth [Accessed 22 Dec. 2020].
20.Pan, Y., Yang, J., Luan, X., Liu, X., Li, X., Yang, J., Huang, T., Sun, L., Wang, Y., Lin, Y. and Song, Y. (2019). Near-infrared upconversion–activated CRISPR-Cas9 system: A remote-controlled gene editing platform.Science Advances, 5(4), p.eaav7199.
21.Prosser, M. (2019).Inside China's Play to Become the World’s CRISPR Superpower. [online] Singularity Hub. Available at: https://singularityhub.com/2019/08/18/inside-chinas-play-to-become-the-worlds-crispr-superpower/ [Accessed 2 Jan. 2020].
22.Sangjune Kim, Seung-Hwan Kwon, et al.Transneuronal Propagation of Pathologicα-Synuclein from the Gut to the Brain Models Parkinson’s Disease[J]. Neuron, 2019; DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.035
23.Silva, D., Yu, S., Ulge, U.Y. et al. De novo design of potent and selective mimics of IL-2 and IL-15. Nature 565, 186–191 (2019) doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0830-7
24.Tian, X., Gu, T., Patel, S., Bode, A., Lee, M. and Dong, Z. (2019). CRISPR/Cas9–An evolving biological tool kit for cancer biology and oncology.npj Precision Oncology, 3(1).
25.Velasco, S., Kedaigle, A., Simmons, S., Nash, A., Rocha, M., Quadrato, G., Paulsen, B., Nguyen, L., Adiconis, X., Regev, A., Levin, J. and Arlotta, P. (2019). Individual brain organoids reproducibly form cell diversity of the human cerebral cortex.Nature, 570(7762), pp.523-527.
26.Wetterstrand, K. (2019).DNA Sequencing Costs: Data from the NHGRI Genome Sequencing Program (GSP). [online] Genome.gov. Available at: https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/DNA-Sequencing-Costs-Data [Accessed 3 Jan. 2020].
27.Matthew B. Dong, et al.Systematic Immunotherapy Target Discovery Using Genome-Scale In Vivo CRISPR Screens in CD8 T Cells, Cell (2019). DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.044
28.Nurnberg.com.cn. (2014).胡安•恩里克斯和斯蒂文•迦兰斯. [online] Available at: _show.aspx?id=4511&author_id=0 https://www.ted.com/talks/juan_enriquez_the_age_of_genetic_wonder_nov_2019/transcript?language=zh-cn [Accessed 30 Dec. 2020].Velasco, S., Kedaigle, A.J., Simmons, S.K. et al. Individual brain organoids reproducibly form cell diversity of the human cerebral cortex. Nature 570, 523–527 (2019) doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1289-x
29.Paper.people.com.cn. (2020).《科学》杂志权衡2020年十大科学头条. [online] Available at: -01/04/nw.D110000renmrb_20200104_10-03.htm [Accessed 2 Jan. 2020].
30.Prosser, M. (2020).Inside China's Play to Become the World’s CRISPR Superpower. [online] Singularity Hub. Available at: https://singularityhub.com/2019/08/18/inside-chinas-play-to-become-the-worlds-crispr-superpower/ [Accessed 31 Dec. 2020].
31.Tian, X., Gu, T., Patel, S., Bode, A., Lee, M. and Dong, Z. (2019). CRISPR/Cas9–An evolving biological tool kit for cancer biology and oncology.npj Precision Oncology, 3(1).
32.Zhou, C., Sun, Y., Yan, R. et al. Off-target RNA mutation induced by DNA base editing and its elimination by mutagenesis. Nature 571, 275–278 (2019) doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1314-0
33. 基因谷(2018).基因周报—2020年前全基因组测序价降至三百好意思元以内. [online] Sohu.com. Available at: _733985 [Accessed 3 Jan. 2020].